Physiotherapy For Lymphoedema in Bendigo

Causes of Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema may be caused by an under developed lymphatic system (primary) or caused by injury to the lymphatic vessels (secondary). It can occur anywhere in the body. Secondary lymphoedema most commonly occurs after surgery for breast cancer, pelvic cancer and melanoma when lymph nodes were removed or radiated.

Primary lymphoedema: While the exact cause of primary lymphoedema is still unknown, it generally occurs due to poorly-developed or missing lymph vessels and/or nodes in the body. Lymphoedema can be inherited. It may be present at birth, develop at the onset of puberty, or not become apparent for many years into adulthood.

Secondary lymphoedema results from damage to the lymphatic system, most commonly caused by surgical procedures for cancer involving the lymph nodes. The National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre review of research evidence on secondary lymphoedema states “conservative estimates suggest that 20% of breast, genitourinary, gynaecological, or melanoma survivors will experience secondary Lymphoedema”.

Other surgical procedures or traumatic injuries may also damage the lymphatic system leading to secondary lymphoedema, e.g. following joint replacement surgery or accidents where a large amount of skin is damaged.

Lymphoedema as a result of treatment for cancer. Recent research has pointed to the benefits of early detection since skin changes consistent with early stage lymphoedema can be detected by the trained eye and with special tests, often within 6-12 months post operatively. Potential increased risk may occur in people who had a post-operative wound infection, who are overweight and tend to be inactive. In the breast cancer population, women typically gain 2.5-6kg and tend to be physically deconditioned following treatment.